- Cervical Cancer Overview:
- Cervical cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina.
- Most cervical cancers are linked to various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common infection transmitted through sexual contact.
- HPV's Role in Cervical Cancer:
- HPV infections are typically fought off by the body's immune system, but in some cases, the virus persists for years.
- Persistent HPV infection contributes to the transformation of cervical cells into cancer cells.
- Risk Reduction Measures:
- Regular screening tests and vaccination against HPV are effective in reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer.
- Treatment Approaches:
- Surgery is often the primary treatment for cervical cancer, involving the removal of cancerous tissues.
- Additional treatments may include medications to target cancer cells, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy using high-energy beams.
- Combining low-dose chemotherapy with radiation therapy is sometimes employed in treatment.
- Symptoms of Cervical Cancer:
- Early stages may be asymptomatic.
- As the cancer progresses, signs and symptoms may include:
- Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause.
- Heavier and prolonged menstrual bleeding.
- Watery, bloody vaginal discharge with a potentially foul odor.
- Pelvic pain or discomfort, especially during intercourse.
